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【转】VxWorks中的地址映射

在运用嵌入式系统VxWorks和MPC860进行通信系统设计开发时,会遇到一个映射地址不能访问的问题。
缺省情况下,VxWorks系统已经进行了如下地址的映射:

  memory地址、bcsr(Board Control and Status)地址、PC_BASE_ADRS(PCMCIA)地址、Internal Memory地址、rom(Flach memory)地址等,但是当你的硬件开发中要加上别的外设时,如(falsh、dsp、FPGA等),对这些外设的访问也是通过地址形式进行读写,如果你没有加相应的地址映射,那么是无法访问这些外设的。

  和VxWorks缺省地址映射类似,你也可以进行相应的地址映射。

  如下是地址映射原理及实现:

  1、 地址映射结构

在Tornado\target\h\vmLib.h文件中
typedef struct phys_mem_desc
{
void *virtualAddr;
void *physicalAddr;
UINT len;
UINT initialStateMask; /* mask parameter to vmStateSet */
UINT initialState; /* state parameter to vmStateSet */
} PHYS_MEM_DESC;

virtualAddr:你要映射的虚拟地址
physicalAddr:硬件设计时定义的实际物理地址
len;要进行映射的地址长度
initialStateMask:可以初始化的地址状态:
有如下状态:
#define VM_STATE_MASK_VALID 0x03
#define VM_STATE_MASK_WRITABLE 0x0c
#define VM_STATE_MASK_CACHEABLE 0x30
#define VM_STATE_MASK_MEM_COHERENCY 0x40
#define VM_STATE_MASK_GUARDED 0x80
不同的CPU芯片类型还有其特殊状态

initialState:实际初始化的地址状态:
有如下状态:
#define VM_STATE_VALID 0x01
#define VM_STATE_VALID_NOT 0x00
#define VM_STATE_WRITABLE 0x04
#define VM_STATE_WRITABLE_NOT 0x00
#define VM_STATE_CACHEABLE 0x10
#define VM_STATE_CACHEABLE_NOT 0x00
同样不同的CPU芯片类型还有其特殊状态

  2、 初始化结构

在 Tornado\target\config\ads860\sysLib.c 文件中:
PHYS_MEM_DESC sysPhysMemDesc [] =
{
{
(void *) LOCAL_MEM_LOCAL_ADRS,
(void *) LOCAL_MEM_LOCAL_ADRS,
LOCAL_MEM_SIZE ,
VM_STATE_MASK_VALID | VM_STATE_MASK_WRITABLE |
VM_STATE_MASK_CACHEABLE,
VM_STATE_VALID | VM_STATE_WRITABLE | VM_STATE_CACHEABLE
},
{
(void *) BCSR0,
(void *) BCSR0,
0x00001000, /* 4 k - Board Control and Status */
VM_STATE_MASK_VALID | VM_STATE_MASK_WRITABLE |
VM_STATE_MASK_CACHEABLE | VM_STATE_MASK_GUARDED,
VM_STATE_VALID | VM_STATE_WRITABLE | VM_STATE_CACHEABLE_NOT |
VM_STATE_GUARDED
},
……
{
(void *) INTERNAL_MEM_MAP_ADDR,
(void *) INTERNAL_MEM_MAP_ADDR,
INTERNAL_MEM_MAP_SIZE, /* 64 k - Internal Memory Map */
VM_STATE_MASK_VALID | VM_STATE_MASK_WRITABLE |
VM_STATE_MASK_CACHEABLE | VM_STATE_MASK_GUARDED,
VM_STATE_VALID | VM_STATE_WRITABLE | VM_STATE_CACHEABLE_NOT |
VM_STATE_GUARDED
},
{
(void *) ROM_BASE_ADRS,
(void *) ROM_BASE_ADRS,
ROM_SIZE, /* Flach memory */
VM_STATE_MASK_VALID | VM_STATE_MASK_WRITABLE |
VM_STATE_MASK_CACHEABLE ,
VM_STATE_VALID | VM_STATE_WRITABLE | VM_STATE_CACHEABLE_NOT
}
};
上面结构中是缺省地址映射。

  3、 地址初始化

在Tornado\target\src\config\ usrMmuInit.c 文件中
通过函数usrMmuInit使地址映射生效

  4、 实现映射:

如你定义flash地址为0x04000000开始的8Mbyte地址,则可以如下进行地址映射
{
(void *) 0x04000000,
(void *) 0x04000000,
0x00800000, /* 8 m - Flash window 1 */
VM_STATE_MASK_VALID | VM_STATE_MASK_WRITABLE,
VM_STATE_VALID | VM_STATE_WRITABLE
},

  5、 注意

地址映射最小单位为1页,4K大小,所以len值最小为:0x00010000。

按照如上步骤可以进行你要访问的任何外设或芯片(诸如flash、DSP、PCI等)的地址映射,进行地址映射后,就可以象操作内存一样对该地址进行读写了。

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