Ether Types (last updated 2008-09-09) NOTE: Please see [RFC5342] for current information and registration procedures. This registry will be revised soon and will be replaced with up-to-date information. Many of the networks of all classes are Ethernets (10Mb) or Experimental Ethernets (3Mb). These systems use a message "type" field in much the same way the ARPANET uses the "link" field. If you need an Ether Type, contact: IEEE Registration Authority IEEE Standards Department 445 Hoes Lane Piscataway, NJ 08854 Phone +1 732 562 3813 Fax: +1 732 562 1571 Email: <ieee-registration-authority&ieee.org> http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/index.html The following list of EtherTypes is contributed unverified information from various sources. Another list of EtherTypes is maintained by Michael A. Patton and is accessible at: <URL:http://www.cavebear.com/CaveBear/Ethernet/> <URL:ftp://ftp.cavebear.com/pub/Ethernet-codes> Assignments: Ethertype Exp. Ethernet Description References ------------- ------------- ----------- ---------- decimal Hex decimal octal 0000 0000-05DC - - IEEE802.3 Length Field [XEROX] 0257 0101-01FF - - Experimental [XEROX] 0512 0200 512 1000 XEROX PUP (see 0A00) [8,XEROX] 0513 0201 - - PUP Addr Trans (see 0A01)[XEROX] 0400 Nixdorf [XEROX] 1536 0600 1536 3000 XEROX NS IDP [133,XEROX] 0660 DLOG [XEROX] 0661 DLOG [XEROX] 2048 0800 513 1001 Internet IP (IPv4) [IANA] 2049 0801 - - X.75 Internet [XEROX] 2050 0802 - - NBS Internet [XEROX] 2051 0803 - - ECMA Internet [XEROX] 2052 0804 - - Chaosnet [XEROX] 2053 0805 - - X.25 Level 3 [XEROX] 2054 0806 - - ARP [IANA] 2055 0807 - - XNS Compatability [XEROX] 2056 0808 - - Frame Relay ARP [RFC1701] 2076 081C - - Symbolics Private [DCP1] 2184 0888-088A - - Xyplex [XEROX] 2304 0900 - - Ungermann-Bass net debugr[XEROX] 2560 0A00 - - Xerox IEEE802.3 PUP [XEROX] 2561 0A01 - - PUP Addr Trans [XEROX] 2989 0BAD - - Banyan VINES [XEROX] 2990 0BAE - - VINES Loopback [RFC1701] 2991 0BAF - - VINES Echo [RFC1701] 4096 1000 - - Berkeley Trailer nego [XEROX] 4097 1001-100F - - Berkeley Trailer encap/IP[XEROX] 5632 1600 - - Valid Systems [XEROX] 16962 4242 - - PCS Basic Block Protocol [XEROX] 21000 5208 - - BBN Simnet [XEROX] 24576 6000 - - DEC Unassigned (Exp.) [XEROX] 24577 6001 - - DEC MOP Dump/Load [XEROX] 24578 6002 - - DEC MOP Remote Console [XEROX] 24579 6003 - - DEC DECNET Phase IV Route[XEROX] 24580 6004 - - DEC LAT [XEROX] 24581 6005 - - DEC Diagnostic Protocol [XEROX] 24582 6006 - - DEC Customer Protocol [XEROX] 24583 6007 - - DEC LAVC, SCA [XEROX] 24584 6008-6009 - - DEC Unassigned [XEROX] 24592 6010-6014 - - 3Com Corporation [XEROX] 25944 6558 - - Trans Ether Bridging [RFC1701] 25945 6559 - - Raw Frame Relay [RFC1701] 28672 7000 - - Ungermann-Bass download [XEROX] 28674 7002 - - Ungermann-Bass dia/loop [XEROX] 28704 7020-7029 - - LRT [XEROX] 28720 7030 - - Proteon [XEROX] 28724 7034 - - Cabletron [XEROX] 32771 8003 - - Cronus VLN [131,DT15] 32772 8004 - - Cronus Direct [131,DT15] 32773 8005 - - HP Probe [XEROX] 32774 8006 - - Nestar [XEROX] 32776 8008 - - AT&T [XEROX] 32784 8010 - - Excelan [XEROX] 32787 8013 - - SGI diagnostics [AXC] 32788 8014 - - SGI network games [AXC] 32789 8015 - - SGI reserved [AXC] 32790 8016 - - SGI bounce server [AXC] 32793 8019 - - Apollo Domain [XEROX] 32815 802E - - Tymshare [XEROX] 32816 802F - - Tigan, Inc. [XEROX] 32821 8035 - - Reverse ARP [48,JXM] 32822 8036 - - Aeonic Systems [XEROX] 32824 8038 - - DEC LANBridge [XEROX] 32825 8039-803C - - DEC Unassigned [XEROX] 32829 803D - - DEC Ethernet Encryption [XEROX] 32830 803E - - DEC Unassigned [XEROX] 32831 803F - - DEC LAN Traffic Monitor [XEROX] 32832 8040-8042 - - DEC Unassigned [XEROX] 32836 8044 - - Planning Research Corp. [XEROX] 32838 8046 - - AT&T [XEROX] 32839 8047 - - AT&T [XEROX] 32841 8049 - - ExperData [XEROX] 32859 805B - - Stanford V Kernel exp. [XEROX] 32860 805C - - Stanford V Kernel prod. [XEROX] 32861 805D - - Evans & Sutherland [XEROX] 32864 8060 - - Little Machines [XEROX] 32866 8062 - - Counterpoint Computers [XEROX] 32869 8065 - - Univ. of Mass. @ Amherst [XEROX] 32870 8066 - - Univ. of Mass. @ Amherst [XEROX] 32871 8067 - - Veeco Integrated Auto. [XEROX] 32872 8068 - - General Dynamics [XEROX] 32873 8069 - - AT&T [XEROX] 32874 806A - - Autophon [XEROX] 32876 806C - - ComDesign [XEROX] 32877 806D - - Computgraphic Corp. [XEROX] 32878 806E-8077 - - Landmark Graphics Corp. [XEROX] 32890 807A - - Matra [XEROX] 32891 807B - - Dansk Data Elektronik [XEROX] 32892 807C - - Merit Internodal [HWB] 32893 807D-807F - - Vitalink Communications [XEROX] 32896 8080 - - Vitalink TransLAN III [XEROX] 32897 8081-8083 - - Counterpoint Computers [XEROX] 32923 809B - - Appletalk [XEROX] 32924 809C-809E - - Datability [XEROX] 32927 809F - - Spider Systems Ltd. [XEROX] 32931 80A3 - - Nixdorf Computers [XEROX] 32932 80A4-80B3 - - Siemens Gammasonics Inc. [XEROX] 32960 80C0-80C3 - - DCA Data Exchange Cluster[XEROX] 32964 80C4 - - Banyan Systems [XEROX] 32965 80C5 - - Banyan Systems [XEROX] 32966 80C6 - - Pacer Software [XEROX] 32967 80C7 - - Applitek Corporation [XEROX] 32968 80C8-80CC - - Intergraph Corporation [XEROX] 32973 80CD-80CE - - Harris Corporation [XEROX] 32975 80CF-80D2 - - Taylor Instrument [XEROX] 32979 80D3-80D4 - - Rosemount Corporation [XEROX] 32981 80D5 - - IBM SNA Service on Ether [XEROX] 32989 80DD - - Varian Associates [XEROX] 32990 80DE-80DF - - Integrated Solutions TRFS[XEROX] 32992 80E0-80E3 - - Allen-Bradley [XEROX] 32996 80E4-80F0 - - Datability [XEROX] 33010 80F2 - - Retix [XEROX] 33011 80F3 - - AppleTalk AARP (Kinetics)[XEROX] 33012 80F4-80F5 - - Kinetics [XEROX] 33015 80F7 - - Apollo Computer [XEROX] 33023 80FF - - Wellfleet Communications [XEROX] 33024 8100 - - IEEE 802.1Q VLAN-tagged frames (initially Wellfleet) 33025 8101-8103 - - Wellfleet Communications [XEROX] 33031 8107-8109 - - Symbolics Private [XEROX] 33072 8130 - - Hayes Microcomputers [XEROX] 33073 8131 - - VG Laboratory Systems [XEROX] 33074 8132-8136 Bridge Communications [XEROX] 33079 8137-8138 - - Novell, Inc. [XEROX] 33081 8139-813D - - KTI [XEROX] 8148 Logicraft [XEROX] 8149 Network Computing Devices[XEROX] 814A Alpha Micro [XEROX] 33100 814C - - SNMP [JKR1] 814D BIIN [XEROX] 814E BIIN [XEROX] 814F Technically Elite Concept[XEROX] 8150 Rational Corp [XEROX] 8151-8153 Qualcomm [XEROX] 815C-815E Computer Protocol Pty Ltd[XEROX] 8164-8166 Charles River Data System[XEROX] 817D XTP [XEROX] 817E SGI/Time Warner prop. [XEROX] 8180 HIPPI-FP encapsulation [XEROX] 8181 STP, HIPPI-ST [XEROX] 8182 Reserved for HIPPI-6400 [XEROX] 8183 Reserved for HIPPI-6400 [XEROX] 8184-818C Silicon Graphics prop. [XEROX] 818D Motorola Computer [XEROX] 819A-81A3 Qualcomm [XEROX] 81A4 ARAI Bunkichi [XEROX] 81A5-81AE RAD Network Devices [XEROX] 81B7-81B9 Xyplex [XEROX] 81CC-81D5 Apricot Computers [XEROX] 81D6-81DD Artisoft [XEROX] 81E6-81EF Polygon [XEROX] 81F0-81F2 Comsat Labs [XEROX] 81F3-81F5 SAIC [XEROX] 81F6-81F8 VG Analytical [XEROX] 8203-8205 Quantum Software [XEROX] 8221-8222 Ascom Banking Systems [XEROX] 823E-8240 Advanced Encryption Syste[XEROX] 827F-8282 Athena Programming [XEROX] 8263-826A Charles River Data System[XEROX] 829A-829B Inst Ind Info Tech [XEROX] 829C-82AB Taurus Controls [XEROX] 82AC-8693 Walker Richer & Quinn [XEROX] 8694-869D Idea Courier [XEROX] 869E-86A1 Computer Network Tech [XEROX] 86A3-86AC Gateway Communications [XEROX] 86DB SECTRA [XEROX] 86DE Delta Controls [XEROX] 86DD IPv6 [IANA] 34543 86DF - - ATOMIC [Postel] 86E0-86EF Landis & Gyr Powers [XEROX] 8700-8710 Motorola [XEROX] 34667 876B - - TCP/IP Compression [RFC1144] 34668 876C - - IP Autonomous Systems [RFC1701] 34669 876D - - Secure Data [RFC1701] 880B PPP [IANA] 8847 MPLS [RFC5332] 8848 MPLS with upstream-assigned label [RFC5332] 8A96-8A97 Invisible Software [XEROX] 34915 8863 - - PPPoE Discovery Stage [RFC2516] 34916 8864 - - PPPoE Session Stage [RFC2516] 36864 9000 - - Loopback [XEROX] 36865 9001 - - 3Com(Bridge) XNS Sys Mgmt[XEROX] 36866 9002 - - 3Com(Bridge) TCP-IP Sys [XEROX] 36867 9003 - - 3Com(Bridge) loop detect [XEROX] 65280 FF00 - - BBN VITAL-LanBridge cache[XEROX] FF00-FF0F ISC Bunker Ramo [XEROX] 65535 FFFF - - Reserved [RFC1701] The standard for transmission of IP datagrams over Ethernets and Experimental Ethernets is specified in [RFC894] and [RFC895] respectively. NOTE: Ethernet 48-bit address blocks are assigned by the IEEE. IEEE Registration Authority c/o Iris Ringel IEEE Standards Department 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331 Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331 Phone +1 732 562 3813 Fax: +1 732 562 1571 Email: <i.ringel&ieee.org> ETHERNET VENDOR ADDRESS COMPONENTS or ORGANIZATIONALLY UNIQUE IDENTIFIERS Ethernet hardware addresses are 48 bits, expressed as 12 hexadecimal digits (0-9, plus A-F, capitalized). These 12 hex digits consist of the first/left 6 digits (which should match the vendor of the Ethernet interface within the station) and the last/right 6 digits which specify the interface serial number for that interface vendor. These high-order 3 octets (6 hex digits) are also known as the Organizationally Unique Identifier or OUI. Ethernet addresses might be written unhyphenated (e.g., 123456789ABC), or with one hyphen (e.g., 123456-789ABC), but should be written hyphenated by octets (e.g., 12-34-56-78-9A-BC). These addresses are physical station addresses, not multicast nor broadcast, so the second hex digit (reading from the left) will be even, not odd. At present, it is not clear how the IEEE assigns Ethernet block addresses. Whether in blocks of 2**24 or 2**25, and whether multicasts are assigned with that block or separately. A portion of the vendor block address is reportedly assigned serially, with the other portion intentionally assigned randomly. If there is a global algorithm for which addresses are designated to be physical (in a chipset) versus logical (assigned in software), or globally-assigned versus locally-assigned addresses, some of the known addresses do not follow the scheme (e.g., AA0003; 02xxxx). Another list of Ethernet vendor address components is maitained by Michael A. Patton and is accessible at: <URL:http://www.cavebear.com/CaveBear/Ethernet/vendor.html> <URL:ftp://ftp.cavebear.com/pub/Ethernet-codes> <URL:gopher://ftp.cavebear.com/00/pub/Ethernet-codes> 00000C Cisco 00000E Fujitsu 00000F NeXT 000010 Sytek 00001D Cabletron 000020 DIAB (Data Intdustrier AB) 000022 Visual Technology 00002A TRW 000032 GPT Limited (reassigned from GEC Computers Ltd) 00005A S & Koch 00005E IANA 000065 Network General 00006B MIPS 000077 Interphase Corporation 00007A Ardent 000080 Cray Communications A/S 000089 Cayman Systems Gatorbox 000093 Proteon 00009F Ameristar Technology 0000A2 Wellfleet 0000A3 Network Application Technology 0000A6 Network General (internal assignment, not for products) 0000A7 NCD X-terminals 0000A9 Network Systems 0000AA Xerox Xerox machines 0000B3 CIMLinc 0000B7 Dove Fastnet 0000BC Allen-Bradley 0000C0 Western Digital 0000C5 Farallon phone net card 0000C6 HP Intelligent Networks Operation (formerly Eon Systems) 0000C8 Altos 0000C9 Emulex Terminal Servers 0000D0 Develcon 0000D7 Dartmouth College (NED Router) 0000D8 3Com? Novell? PS/2 0000DD Gould 0000DE Unigraph 0000E2 Acer Counterpoint 0000EF Alantec 0000FD High Level Hardvare (Orion, UK) 000102 BBN BBN internal usage (not registered) 0010D1 BlazeNet 001700 Kabel 0020AF 3COM ??? 0020C9 Victron 002094 Cubix 008064 Wyse Technology / Link Technologies 00802B IMAC ??? 00802D Xylogics, Inc. Annex terminal servers 00808C Frontier Software Development 0080C2 IEEE 802.1 Committee 0080D3 Shiva 00A03E ATM Forum 00AA00 Intel 00DD00 Ungermann-Bass 00DD01 Ungermann-Bass 020701 Racal InterLan 020406 BBN BBN internal usage (not registered) 026086 Satelcom MegaPac (UK) 02608C 3Com IBM PC; Imagen; Valid; Cisco 02CF1F CMC Masscomp; Silicon Graphics; Prime EXL 080002 3Com (Formerly Bridge) 080003 ACC (Advanced Computer Communications) 080005 Symbolics Symbolics LISP machines 080008 BBN 080009 Hewlett-Packard 08000A Nestar Systems 08000B Unisys 080011 Tektronix, Inc. 080014 Excelan BBN Butterfly, Masscomp, Silicon Graphics 080017 NSC 08001A Data General 08001B Data General 08001E Apollo 080020 Sun Sun machines 080022 NBI 080025 CDC 080026 Norsk Data (Nord) 080027 PCS Computer Systems GmbH 080028 TI Explorer 08002B DEC 08002E Metaphor 08002F Prime Computer Prime 50-Series LHC300 080036 Intergraph CAE stations 080037 Fuji-Xerox 080038 Bull 080039 Spider Systems 080041 DCA Digital Comm. Assoc. 080045 ???? (maybe Xylogics, but they claim not to know this number) 080046 Sony 080047 Sequent 080049 Univation 08004C Encore 08004E BICC 080056 Stanford University 080058 ??? DECsystem-20 08005A IBM 080067 Comdesign 080068 Ridge 080069 Silicon Graphics 08006E Concurrent Masscomp 080075 DDE (Danish Data Elektronik A/S) 08007C Vitalink TransLAN III 080080 XIOS 080086 Imagen/QMS 080087 Xyplex terminal servers 080089 Kinetics AppleTalk-Ethernet interface 08008B Pyramid 08008D XyVision XyVision machines 080090 Retix Inc Bridges 484453 HDS ??? 800010 AT&T AA0000 DEC obsolete AA0001 DEC obsolete AA0002 DEC obsolete AA0003 DEC Global physical address for some DEC machines AA0004 DEC Local logical address for systems running DECNET The CFxxxx Series RFC 2153 describes a method of usings a "pseudo OUI" for certain purposes when there is no appropriate regular OUI assigned. These are listed here. CF0001 Data Comm for Business [McCain] ETHERNET MULTICAST ADDRESSES An Ethernet multicast address consists of the multicast bit, the 23-bit vendor component, and the 24-bit group identifier assigned by the vendor. For example, DEC is assigned the vendor component 08-00-2B, so multicast addresses assigned by DEC have the first 24-bits 09-00-2B (since the multicast bit is the low-order bit of the first byte, which is "the first bit on the wire"). Another list of Ethernet multicast addresses is maintained by Michael A. Patton and is accessible at: <URL:http://www.cavebear.com/CaveBear/ether-codes.html> <URL:ftp://ftp.cavebear.com/pub/Ethernet-codes> <URL:gopher://ftp.cavebear.com/00/pub/Ethernet-codes> Ethernet Type Address Field Usage Multicast Addresses: 01-00-5E-00-00-00- 0800 Internet Multicast [RFC1112] 01-00-5E-7F-FF-FF 01-00-5E-80-00-00- 8847/8848 MPLS Multicast [RFC5332] 01-00-5E-8F-FF-FF 01-00-5E-90-00-00- ???? Internet reserved by IANA 01-00-5E-FF-FF-FF 01-80-C2-00-00-00 -802- Spanning tree (for bridges) 09-00-02-04-00-01? 8080? Vitalink printer 09-00-02-04-00-02? 8080? Vitalink management 09-00-09-00-00-01 8005 HP Probe 09-00-09-00-00-01 -802- HP Probe 09-00-09-00-00-04 8005? HP DTC 09-00-1E-00-00-00 8019? Apollo DOMAIN 09-00-2B-00-00-00 6009? DEC MUMPS? 09-00-2B-00-00-01 8039? DEC DSM/DTP? 09-00-2B-00-00-02 803B? DEC VAXELN? 09-00-2B-00-00-03 8038 DEC Lanbridge Traffic Monitor (LTM) 09-00-2B-00-00-04 ???? DEC MAP End System Hello 09-00-2B-00-00-05 ???? DEC MAP Intermediate System Hello 09-00-2B-00-00-06 803D? DEC CSMA/CD Encryption? 09-00-2B-00-00-07 8040? DEC NetBios Emulator? 09-00-2B-00-00-0F 6004 DEC Local Area Transport (LAT) 09-00-2B-00-00-1x ???? DEC Experimental 09-00-2B-01-00-00 8038 DEC LanBridge Copy packets (All bridges) 09-00-2B-01-00-01 8038 DEC LanBridge Hello packets (All local bridges) 1 packet per second, sent by the designated LanBridge 09-00-2B-02-00-00 ???? DEC DNA Lev. 2 Routing Layer routers? 09-00-2B-02-01-00 803C? DEC DNA Naming Service Advertisement? 09-00-2B-02-01-01 803C? DEC DNA Naming Service Solicitation? 09-00-2B-02-01-02 803E? DEC DNA Time Service? 09-00-2B-03-xx-xx ???? DEC default filtering by bridges? 09-00-2B-04-00-00 8041? DEC Local Area Sys. Transport (LAST)? 09-00-2B-23-00-00 803A? DEC Argonaut Console? 09-00-4E-00-00-02? 8137? Novell IPX 09-00-56-00-00-00- ???? Stanford reserved 09-00-56-FE-FF-FF 09-00-56-FF-00-00- 805C Stanford V Kernel, version 6.0 09-00-56-FF-FF-FF 09-00-77-00-00-01 ???? Retix spanning tree bridges 09-00-7C-02-00-05 8080? Vitalink diagnostics 09-00-7C-05-00-01 8080? Vitalink gateway? 0D-1E-15-BA-DD-06 ???? HP AB-00-00-01-00-00 6001 DEC Maintenance Operation Protocol (MOP) Dump/Load Assistance AB-00-00-02-00-00 6002 DEC Maintenance Operation Protocol (MOP) Remote Console 1 System ID packet every 8-10 minutes, by every: DEC LanBridge DEC DEUNA interface DEC DELUA interface DEC DEQNA interface (in a certain mode) AB-00-00-03-00-00 6003 DECNET Phase IV end node Hello packets 1 packet every 15 seconds, sent by each DECNET host AB-00-00-04-00-00 6003 DECNET Phase IV Router Hello packets 1 packet every 15 seconds, sent by the DECNET router AB-00-00-05-00-00 ???? Reserved DEC through AB-00-03-FF-FF-FF AB-00-03-00-00-00 6004 DEC Local Area Transport (LAT) - old AB-00-04-00-xx-xx ???? Reserved DEC customer private use AB-00-04-01-xx-yy 6007 DEC Local Area VAX Cluster groups Sys. Communication Architecture (SCA) CF-00-00-00-00-00 9000 Ethernet Configuration Test protocol (Loopback) Broadcast Address: FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF 0600 XNS packets, Hello or gateway search? 6 packets every 15 seconds, per XNS station FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF 0800 IP (e.g. RWHOD via UDP) as needed FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF 0804 CHAOS FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF 0806 ARP (for IP and CHAOS) as needed FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF 0BAD Banyan FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF 1600 VALID packets, Hello or gateway search? 1 packets every 30 seconds, per VALID station FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF 8035 Reverse ARP FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF 807C Merit Internodal (INP) FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF 809B EtherTalk IANA ETHERNET ADDRESS BLOCK - UNICAST USE The IANA owns an Ethernet address block which may be used for unicast address assignments or other special purposes. The IANA may assign unicast global IEEE 802 MAC address from it's assigned OUI (00-00-5E) for use in IETF standard track protocols. The intended usage is for dynamic mapping between IP addresses and IEEE 802 MAC addresses. These IEEE 802 MAC addresses are not to be permanently assigned to any hardware interface, nor is this a substitute for a network equipment supplier getting its own OUI. The address block in IEEE binary is: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0111 1010 In the normal Internet dotted decimal notation this is 0.0.94 since the bytes are transmitted higher order first and bits within bytes are transmitted lower order first. IEEE CSMA/CD and Token Bus bit transmission order: 00 00 5E IEEE Token Ring bit transmission order: 00 00 7A Appearance on the wire (bits transmitted from left to right): 0 23 47 | | | 0000 0000 0000 0000 0111 1010 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx | Multicast Bit Appearance in memory (bits transmitted right-to-left within octets, octets transmitted left-to-right): 0 23 47 | | | 0000 0000 0000 0000 0101 1110 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx | Multicast Bit The latter representation corresponds to the Internet standard bit-order, and is the format that most programmers have to deal with. Using this representation, the range of Internet Unicast addresses is: 00-00-5E-00-00-00 to 00-00-5E-FF-FF-FF in hex, or 0.0.94.0.0.0 to 0.0.94.255.255.255 in dotted decimal The low order 24 bits of these unicast addresses are assigned as follows: Dotted Decimal Description Reference ----------------------- ------------------------------- --------- 000.000.000-000.000.255 Reserved [IANA] 000.001.000-000.001.255 Virtual Router Redundancy (VRRP) [RFC3768] IANA ETHERNET ADDRESS BLOCK - MULTICAST USE The IANA owns an Ethernet address block which may be used for multicast address asignments or other special purposes. The address block in IEEE binary is: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0111 1010 In the normal Internet dotted decimal notation this is 0.0.94 since the bytes are transmitted higher order first and bits within bytes are transmitted lower order first. IEEE CSMA/CD and Token Bus bit transmission order: 00 00 5E IEEE Token Ring bit transmission order: 00 00 7A Appearance on the wire (bits transmitted from left to right): 0 23 47 | | | 1000 0000 0000 0000 0111 1010 xxxx xxx0 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx | | Multicast Bit 0 = Internet Multicast 1 = Assigned by IANA for other uses Appearance in memory (bits transmitted right-to-left within octets, octets transmitted left-to-right): 0 23 47 | | | 0000 0001 0000 0000 0101 1110 0xxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx | | Multicast Bit 0 = Internet Multicast 1 = Assigned by IANA for other uses The latter representation corresponds to the Internet standard bit-order, and is the format that most programmers have to deal with. Using this representation, the range of Internet Multicast addresses is: 01-00-5E-00-00-00 to 01-00-5E-7F-FF-FF in hex, or 1.0.94.0.0.0 to 1.0.94.127.255.255 in dotted decimal Modified EUI-64 Addresses in the IANA Ethernet Address Block - per [RFC5214] Modified EUI-64 addresses ([RFC4291], Appendix A) in the IANA Ethernet Address Block are formed by concatenating the 24-bit IANA OUI (00-00-5E) with a 40-bit extension identifier and inverting the "u" bit, i.e., the "u" bit is set to one (1) to indicate universal scope and it is set to zero (0) to indicate local scope. Modified EUI-64 addresses have the following appearance in memory (bits transmitted right-to-left within octets, octets transmitted left-to-right): 0 23 63 | OUI | extension identifier | 000000ug00000000 01011110xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx When the first two octets of the extension identifier encode the hexadecimal value 0xFFFE, the remainder of the extension identifier encodes a 24-bit vendor-supplied id as follows: 0 23 39 63 | OUI | 0xFFFE | vendor-supplied id | 000000ug00000000 0101111011111111 11111110xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx When the first octet of the extension identifier encodes the hexadecimal value 0xFE, the remainder of the extension identifier encodes a 32-bit IPv4 address as follows: 0 23 31 63 | OUI | 0xFE | IPv4 address | 000000ug00000000 0101111011111110 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx SNAP PROTOCOL IDS IN THE IANA ETHERNET ADDRESS BLOCK The Sub-Network Access Protocol (SNAP) header contains 40 bits: 24 bits containing an IEEE-assigned Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI), and 16 bits containing a Protocol Identifier (PID). The OUIs are the same as those used in the Ethernet Vendor Address Components list above. The IANA's OUI, 00-00-5E, may be used in SNAP headers with the appropriate PID to identify the protocols listed below. Note that the IANA restricts this list to protocols that are ONLY identified in this manner; if a protocol has an EtherType, then SNAP headers identifying that protocol must contain an OUI of 00-00-00, with the EtherType in the PID field. The SNAP PID assignments using the IANA's OUI are: Protocol ID Description References ----------- ----------- ---------- decimal Hex 0001 0001 MARS Data Messages (short form) [RFC2022] 0002 0002 reserved for future NHRP use [RFC2332] 0003 0003 MARS/NHRP Control Messages [RFC2022, 2332] 0004 0004 MARS Data Messages (long form) [RFC2022] 0005 0005 SCSP - Server Cache Sync Protocol [RFC2334] 0006 0006 VRID - Virtual Router MAC Address [Knight] 0007 0007 L2TP [RFC3070] 0008 0008 Virtual Private Network ID [Malis-ID] 0009 0009 MSDP-GRE-Protocol Type [msdp-ID] References ---------- [RFC894] Hornig, C., "A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over Ethernet Networks, STD 41, RFC 894, Symbolics, April 1984. [RFC895] Postel, J., "A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over Experimental Ethernet Networks, STD 42, RFC 895, USC/Information Sciences Institute, April 1984. [RFC1112] Deeering, S., "Host Extensions for IP Multicasting", STD 5, RFC 1112, Stanford University, August 1989. [RFC1701] Hanks, S., Li, T, Farinacci, D., and P. Traina, "Generic Routing Encapsulation", RFC 1701, NetSmiths, Ltd., and cisco Systems, October 1994. [RFC2022] Armitage, G., "Support for Multicast over UNI 3.0/3.1 based ATM Networks", RFC 2022, Bellcore, November 1996. [RFC2332] Luciani, J., et al, "NBMA Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP)", RFC 2332, April 1998. [RFC2334] Luciani, J., et al, "Server Cache Synchronization Protocol (SCSP)", RFC 2334, April 1998. [RFC2516] Mamakos, L., et al, "A Method for Transmitting PPP Over Ethernet (PPPoE)", RFC 2516, February 1999. [RFC3070] Rawat, V., R. Tio, S. Nanji, and R. Verma, "Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) over Frame Relay", RFC 3070, February 2001. [RFC3768] R. Hinden, Ed., "Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)", RFC 3768, April 2004. [RFC4291] R. Hinden, S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture", RFC 4291, February 2006. [RFC5214] F. Templin, T. Gleeson, D. Thaler, "Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP)", RFC 5214, March 2008. [RFC5332] T. Eckert, E. Rosen, Ed., R. Aggarwal, Y. Rekhter, "MPLS Multicast Encapsulations", RFC 5332, August 2008. [RFC5342] D. Eastlake, "IANA Considerations and IETF Protocol Usage for IEEE 802 Parameters", RFC 5342, September 2008. People ------ [AXC] Andrew Cherenson <arc&SGI.COM> [Hinden] Bon Hinden, <hinden&ipsilon.com>, January 1998. [HWB] Hans-Werner Braun <HWB&MCR.UMICH.EDU> [IANA] Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, <iana&iana.org>, October 1996. [JXM] Joseph Murdock <---none---> [Knight] S. Knight, <steven.knight&ascend.com>, November 1997. [Malis] Andy Malis, <malis&ascend.com>, October 1996. [Malis-ID] <draft-ietf-ion-multiprotocol-atm-02.txt>, April 1999. [McCain] John McCain, <jmccain&dcbnet.com>, July 1997. [msdp-ID] <draft-ietf-msdp-spec-09.txt>, May 2001. [DCP1] David Plummer <DCP&SCRC-QUABBIN.ARPA> [Postel] Jon Postel <postel&isi.edu> [JKR1] Joyce K. Reynolds <jkrey&isi.edu> [Verma] Rohit Verma <Rohit_Verma&mw.3com.com>, August 1998. [XEROX] Neil Sembower <sembower&eso.mc.xerox.com> [DT15] Daniel Tappan <Tappan&BBN.COM> []
AMBA 简介 随着深亚微米工艺技术日益成熟，集成电路芯片的规模越来越大。数字IC从基于时序驱动的设计方法，发展到基于IP复用的设计方法，并在SOC设计中得到了广泛应用。在基于IP复用的SoC设计中，片上总线设计是最关键的问题。为此，业界出现了很多片上总线标准。其中，由ARM公司推出的AMBA片上总线受到了广大IP开发商和SoC系统集成者的青睐，已成为一种流行的工业标准片上结构。AMBA规范主要包括了AHB(Advanced High performance Bus)系统总线和APB(Advanced Peripheral Bus)外围总线。 AMBA 片上总线 AMBA 2.0 规范包括四个部分：AHB、ASB、APB和Test Methodology。AHB的相互连接采用了传统的带有主模块和从模块的共享总线，接口与互连功能分离，这对芯片上模块之间的互连具有重要意义。AMBA已不仅是一种总线，更是一种带有接口模块的互连体系。下面将简要介绍比较重要的AHB和APB总线。 基于 AMBA 的片上系统 一个典型的基于AMBA总线的系统框图如图３所示。 大多数挂在总线上的模块(包括处理器)只是单一属性的功能模块：主模块或者从模块。主模块是向从模块发出读写操作的模块，如CPU，DSP等；从模块是接受命令并做出反应的模块，如片上的RAM，AHB／APB 桥等。另外，还有一些模块同时具有两种属性，例如直接存储器存取(DMA)在被编程时是从模块，但在系统读传输数据时必须是主模块。如果总线上存在多个主模块，就需要仲裁器来决定如何控制各种主模块对总线的访问。虽然仲裁规范是AMBA总线规范中的一部分，但具体使用的算法由RTL设计工程师决定，其中两个最常用的算法是固定优先级算法和循环制算法。AHB总线上最多可以有16个主模块和任意多个从模块，如果主模块数目大于16，则需再加一层结构(具体参阅ARM公司推出的Multi-layer AHB规范)。APB 桥既是APB总线上唯一的主模块，也是AHB系统总线上的从模块。其主要功能是锁存来自AHB系统总...
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