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【转】iconv函数编码转换

一、利用iconv函数族进行编码转换
在LINUX上进行编码转换时,既可以利用iconv函数族编程实现,也可以利用iconv命令来实现,只不过后者是针对文件的,即将指定文件从一种编码转换为另一种编码。

iconv函数族的头文件是iconv.h,使用前需包含之。
#include <iconv.h>
iconv函数族有三个函数,原型如下:
(1) iconv_t iconv_open(const char *tocode, const char *fromcode);
此函数说明将要进行哪两种编码的转换,tocode是目标编码,fromcode是原编码,该函数返回一个转换句柄,供以下两个函数使用。
(2) size_t iconv(iconv_t cd,char **inbuf,size_t *inbytesleft,char **outbuf,size_t *outbytesleft);
此函数从inbuf中读取字符,转换后输出到outbuf中,inbytesleft用以记录还未转换的字符数,outbytesleft用以记录输出缓冲的剩余空间。 (3) int iconv_close(iconv_t cd);
此函数用于关闭转换句柄,释放资源。
例子1: 用C语言实现的转换示例程序

/* f.c : 代码转换示例C程序 */
#include <iconv.h>
#define OUTLEN 255
main()
{
char *in_utf8 = "姝e?ㄥ??瑁?";
char *in_gb2312 = "正在安装";
char out[OUTLEN];

//unicode码转为gb2312码
rc = u2g(in_utf8,strlen(in_utf8),out,OUTLEN);
printf("unicode-->gb2312 out=%sn",out);
//gb2312码转为unicode码
rc = g2u(in_gb2312,strlen(in_gb2312),out,OUTLEN);
printf("gb2312-->unicode out=%sn",out);
}
//代码转换:从一种编码转为另一种编码
int code_convert(char *from_charset,char *to_charset,char *inbuf,int inlen,char *outbuf,int outlen)
{
iconv_t cd;
int rc;
char **pin = &inbuf;
char **pout = &outbuf;

cd = iconv_open(to_charset,from_charset);
if (cd==0) return -1;
memset(outbuf,0,outlen);
if (iconv(cd,pin,&inlen,pout,&outlen)==-1) return -1;
iconv_close(cd);
return 0;
}
//UNICODE码转为GB2312码
int u2g(char *inbuf,int inlen,char *outbuf,int outlen)
{
return code_convert("utf-8","gb2312",inbuf,inlen,outbuf,outlen);
}
//GB2312码转为UNICODE码
int g2u(char *inbuf,size_t inlen,char *outbuf,size_t outlen)
{
return code_convert("gb2312","utf-8",inbuf,inlen,outbuf,outlen);
}

例子2: 用C++语言实现的转换示例程序

/* f.cpp : 代码转换示例C++程序 */
#include <iconv.h>
#include <iostream>

#define OUTLEN 255

using namespace std;

// 代码转换操作类
class CodeConverter {
private:
iconv_t cd;
public:
// 构造
CodeConverter(const char *from_charset,const char *to_charset) {
cd = iconv_open(to_charset,from_charset);
}

// 析构
~CodeConverter() {
iconv_close(cd);
}

// 转换输出
int convert(char *inbuf,int inlen,char *outbuf,int outlen) {
char **pin = &inbuf;
char **pout = &outbuf;

memset(outbuf,0,outlen);
return iconv(cd,pin,(size_t *)&inlen,pout,(size_t *)&outlen);
}
};

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char *in_utf8 = "姝e?ㄥ??瑁?";
char *in_gb2312 = "正在安装";
char out[OUTLEN];

// utf-8-->gb2312
CodeConverter cc = CodeConverter("utf-8","gb2312");
cc.convert(in_utf8,strlen(in_utf8),out,OUTLEN);
cout << "utf-8-->gb2312 in=" << in_utf8 << ",out=" << out << endl;

// gb2312-->utf-8
CodeConverter cc2 = CodeConverter("gb2312","utf-8");
cc2.convert(in_gb2312,strlen(in_gb2312),out,OUTLEN);
cout << "gb2312-->utf-8 in=" << in_gb2312 << ",out=" << out << endl;
}
二、利用iconv命令进行编码转换
在LINUX上进行编码转换时,既可以利用iconv函数族编程实现,也可以利用iconv命令来实现,只不过后者是针对文件的,即将指定文件从一种编码转换为另一种编码。

iconv命令用于转换指定文件的编码,默认输出到标准输出设备,亦可指定输出文件。

用法: iconv [选项...] [文件...]

有如下选项可用:

输入/输出格式规范:
-f, --from-code=名称 原始文本编码
-t, --to-code=名称 输出编码

信息:
-l, --list 列举所有已知的字符集

输出控制:
-c 从输出中忽略无效的字符
-o, --output=FILE 输出文件
-s, --silent 关闭警告
--verbose 打印进度信息

-?, --help 给出该系统求助列表
--usage 给出简要的用法信息
-V, --version 打印程序版本号

例子:
iconv -f utf-8 -t gb2312 aaa.txt >bbb.txt
这个命令读取aaa.txt文件,从utf-8编码转换为gb2312编码,其输出定向到bbb.txt文件。

小结: LINUX为我们提供了强大的编码转换工具,给我们带来了方便。

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